Other Books of the Bible underline the importance of this prohibition on interest. For example, Psalm 15:5 characterizes a righteous man as one who, among other things, "lends his money without usury." Both Exekiel 22:12 and Nehemiah 5:0-11 condemn lending money with interest, especially to the poor. And Ezekiel 18:13 list the taking of interest among sins worthy of death.
The prohibition on interest is based on God's covenant with Israel. The rule is founded upon the compassionate treatment of various oppressed groups: the resident alien, the widow, the orphans; and the poor. Exodus 22:25-27 states the law in explicit terms: "If you lend to one of my people among you who is needy, do not be like the money lender; charge him no interest. If you take your neighbor's cloak as a pledge, return it to him
by sunset, because his cloak is the only covering he has for his body. What else will he sleep on? When he cries out to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate." Leviticus 25:35-37 provides that "If one of your countrymen becomes poor and is unable to support himself among you, help him as you would an alien or a temporary resident, so that he can continue to live among you. Do not take interst of any kind from him, but fear your God, so that your countryman may continue to live among you. You must not lend him money at interest or sell him food at profit." Finally, Deuteronomy 23:19-20 provides: "Do not charge your brother interest, whether on money or food or anything else that may earn interest."
Jesus clearly had these Biblical principles in mind when he admonished the "money changers" and removed them from God's house, the sacred Temple. In John 2:14 Jesus "poured out the changers of money and overthrew the tables." Jesus, in fact, was always true to the principles underlying usury and debt forgiveness and the notion of the importance of placing love and compassion above greed and wealth. In Luke 6:34-35 Jesus said: "And if you lend to those from whom you hope to receive, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to receive as much again. But love your enemies and, do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return,
and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High; for he is kind to the ungrateful and the selfish." The followers of Jesus were to be concerned with the welfare of others, even when met with hatred and abuse.
The consistent teaching of both the Old and New Testaments is that compassion, mercy and justice are to override purely economic concerns, such as loans. Relgious people are to be gracious to all, even debtors. Jesus said that God does cause the rain to fall on the just and the unjust and in Mark 10:25 He said that "it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of the needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God." (This eye of the needle was the name for a narrow gate into a city) And in LUke 16:9 he said: "I tell you, use worldly wealth to gain friends for yourselves, so that when it is gone, you will be welcomed into eternal dwellings", and to "forgive and ye shall be forgiven" Luke 6:37.
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